Airmatic
Description - WIS 32.22 Air Suspension / Airmatic
The W220 Airmatic system is a fully supporting air suspension system which provides both static and dynamic support by means of four air bellows located at the wheels.
Features - Airmatic
- Level control both manual and speed sensitive.
- Electronic level control which maintains a constant even level at the front and rear axles according to the driving and vehicle load conditions.
- When the vehicle is stationary the level is readjusted if there is a difference of more than +/- 10mm after a door or the trunk lid is opened.
- While driving the level is readjusted if there is a difference of more than +/- 20mm. The level is adjusted to +/- 10 mm every 15 minutes.
- Active Damping System (ADS) which changes the damping forces according to the road conditions and the driver's driving style. The road conditions are determined by vertical acceleration sensors in the body of the vehicle. The horizontal acceleration is determined by measuring the vehicle speed and turn angle.
Advantages - Airmatic
Higher level of driving safety and ride comfort due to:
- Adapting damping to road conditions and driving style.
- Low location of centre of gravity as vehicle lowers above 70KPH.
- Low aerodynamic drag and fuel consumption as vehicle lowers above 70KPH.
- Less tendency for vehicle to lift at speed.
Individual adaptation due to:
- Raising vehicle level for poor road surfaces and when negotiating driveways.
- Two possible damping levels for comfort or sport driving styles in vehicles produced up to 08/99.
- Three possible damping levels for comfort, sport or extreme sport driving styles in vehicles produced after 09/99.
Driver information due to:
- Vehicle level displayed by indicator lamps and switches.
- Warning messages in multi-function display if vehicle is too low.
Function
The functions of the AIRmatic with ADS control module are divided as follows:
- Signal conditioning
- Function logic component
- Safety circuit
Signal conditioning
The following input signals are processed by the function logic component and used for calculations or to provide information:
- Calculation of body vertical acceleration
- Signal from body acceleration sensors
- Calculation of vehicle speed
- Wheel speed signal
- Speed status signal
- Calculation of longitudinal and lateral acceleration
- Wheel speed signal
- Signal from steering angle sensor
- Calculation of compressor control
- Outside temperature, outside air pressure signal
- Reservoir pressure signal
- Vehicle speed signal
- Vehicle level signal
- Duty cycle
- Calculation for valve control
- Level signal from left front axle, right front axle
- Rear axle level signal
- Calculation for control of main reservoir charge valve
- Level signal from left front axle, right front axle
- Rear axle
- Pressure signal
- Calculation of vehicle level
- Signal from level sensors
- Information signals (control)
- Signal from stop lamp switch
- Signal from comfort and sport switch
- Signal from level control switch
- Signal from door contact switch, trunk, remote control
Function logic component
The conditioned input signals are processed in the logic component and converted into output signals.
- Signal from body acceleration sensors (B24/3, B24/8, B24/9):
- The vertical acceleration of the vehicle is calculated using the signals from the body acceleration sensors.
- Front wheel speed signal, left and right:
- Using the wheel speed signal, the ESP control module calculates
- Vehicle speed
- Longitudinal acceleration
- Vehicle status. A distinction is made between a moving and a stationary vehicle. Incorrect wheel speed signals are also detected.
- Steering angle sensor signal (N49):
- The lateral acceleration of the vehicle is calculated using the steering angle sensor signal and the wheel speed signal.
- Signal from level sensors (B22/8, B22/9, B22/3):
- Both front axle level sensors each supply 2 signals. The sensors detect and transfer the distance between the wheel center and the body at both the left and right-hand side of the vehicle.
- The rear axle level sensor supplies 2 signals. The sensor detects and transfers the distance between the wheel center and the body (average calculated from left and right wheel).
- Brake lamp switch signal (S9/1):
- When the driver presses the brake pedal, a signal is received by the ADS logic component and the damping at all wheels is set to "hard". The pitch motion of the vehicle when braking can therefore be reduced.
- Comfort and sport switch signal (N72/1s3):
- The comfort and sport switch signal informs the system about the selection made by the driver between one comfort-oriented and 2 sporty damping maps. The "comfort" setting maintains the damping within the comfortable range as far as the driving style and road conditions will allow. The "Sport 1" setting makes the damping somewhat "harder". The "Sport 2" setting immediately sets the damping force to "hard". The driver's preferred settings are stored until changed by the driver (even with Ignition OFF).
- Signal from level adjustment switch (N72/1s2):
- The control module uses the signals from the level adjustment switch to determine the driver's preferences for the vehicle level:
- Normal level
- Raised level
- The control module uses the signals from the level adjustment switch to determine the driver's preferences for the vehicle level:
- ADS II
- The control module uses the vertical body acceleration, longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle and the ground speed to determine the optimum level of damping. 4 different damping forces can be set at each wheel by controlling the damping valves located at each wheel. Phased in as of 09/00, the damping is set to the Sport 1 damping level if the vehicle speed is >160 km/h.
- Level control and adjustment
- The control module uses the setting of the level adjustment switch selected by the driver and the ground speed of the vehicle to control the appropriate level control valves and to set the correct vehicle level according to the vehicle load.
- The AIRmatic system is equipped with a pressure reservoir to keep the level control time as short as possible (e.g. after loading). The reservoir pressure is used only when required in order to prevent filling the reservoir too often. This happens, for example if the vehicle level falls below a critical level when loading the vehicle or if the driver has set the vehicle level to "raised level". Pressure from the reservoir is also used when the vehicle is stationary to minimize noise. With normal control when the vehicle is moving, the spring struts are supplied directly by the air compressor.
- Main reservoir pressure control
- The main control parameters are the pressure in the main reservoir, the outside air pressure and the vehicle speed.
- Compressor control
- The compressor is controlled via a relay. Since the compressor is not designed for continuous operation, the absolute running time and cooling phase are monitored to avoid overloading the compressor.
- Wake-up function
A parked vehicle is "woken up" before the engine is started. That is to say, the AIRmatic with ADS control module receives signals from the door contact switches, the trunk switch and infrared remote control indicating that the driver may soon start the engine and drive the vehicle. The current vehicle level is checked immediately and corrected if required. The vehicle level at the front axle is considered to be critical, for instance, if the full wheel angle can no longer be guaranteed. In this case a message appears on the multifunction display in the instrument cluster to warn the driver: "Stop car too low". If the control module is woken (for example by opening one of the doors), there follows a period of spare time before the driver actually starts the engine during which the vehicle level is corrected. This reduces the waiting time required to correct the vehicle level and the vehicle is ready for driving more promptly. Pressure in the main reservoir is used to raise the stationary vehicle. The compressor is only used if the pressure reservoir is empty. It must be ensured that the battery voltage is sufficient to then start the engine.
- Locking function
If the control module detects that all wheels are unloaded when the vehicle is stationary, the valves of the sprint struts are closed. The vehicle therefore remains at the current level. This is essential, for example, when changing a wheel or during repair work (lifting platform).
'Safety circuit
The AIRmatic with ADS control module monitors all the important components of the system after they are switched on and during operation. The safety circuit detects faulty signals from sensors, faults in the control module and in the electric line system. If a fault is detected, the system is switched off and a message is displayed on the multifunction display in the instrument cluster to warn the driver. The damper valves for ADS are no longer controlled and remain set to the "hard" damping level (driving safety level). In addition, a fault code is stored in the control module. The level control is partially switched off depending on the fault that occurred. The system always strives to maintain the selected vehicle level. Moreover, the safety circuit continuously monitors the battery voltage. If the voltage falls below 10.5 V or exceeds 17.5 V, the system is switched off until the voltage returns to the specified range.
Pressure supply function
- 42 - AIRmatic central reservoir
- A9/1 - AIRmatic compressor unit
- Y36/6 - Level control valve unit
In normal driving mode, AIRmatic works with a pressure of between 6 and 10 bar depending on the load. An electrical compressor is used to supply pressure. This is installed in the AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1).
In addition the system has an AIRmatic central reservoir (42) which stores the compressed-air. The reservoir pressure is between 13 and 16 bar (at sea level). The system is either supplied with pressure via the AIRmatic central reservoir or via the air compressor.
Level control function
The AIRmatic at the front and rear axle is a fully supporting suspension system. It keeps the vehicle level constant when the engine is running irrespective of the load. At the same time air from the air compressor is delivered to the spring struts via the valve unit until the vehicle level has been adjusted. The vehicle level at the front axle is recorded by two level sensors at the rear axle and conveyed to the AIRmatic with ADS control module. The level at the individual spring struts is controlled by four level valves in the valve unit and a pressure relief valve on the AIRmatic compressor unit.
An AIRmatic central reservoir for compressed air also enables the vehicle level to be controlled when the engine is not running. In addition the adjustment of the vehicle level is decoupled from the air compressor.
Shut-off position function
If the unloading of all the wheels when the vehicle is stationary is recognized by the control module, the spring strut valves are closed. The vehicle therefore remains at the current level. This is required when changing a wheel or for repair work (hoist) for example.
Normal function (engine running)
When the vehicle is stationary the level is readjusted if there is a difference of more than +/- 10 mm after a door or the trunk lid is opened.
While driving the level is readjusted if there is a difference of more than +/- 20 mm. The level is adjusted to +/- 10 mm every 15 minutes.
Depending on the situation, pressure can be generated by the compressor or the pressure supply of the AIRmatic central reservoir can be used to raise the vehicle. When the vehicle is stationary the pressure from the reservoir is used for noise reasons. Pressure can also be supplied from the compressor and AIRmatic central reservoir at the same time when there is a particularly high pressure demand.
The lowering of the vehicle level is recognized by the control module from the level sensors when loading the vehicle. By actuating solenoid valves air is delivered to the spring struts of the particular front wheel or rear axle until the vehicle has reached its specified value. In addition the pressure relief valve is opened to actuate the respective wheel valve when unloading the vehicle.
Wake-up function (operating period approx. 1 minute)
The AIRmatic with ADS control module is "woken up" using the remote control, door contact switches or trunk illumination switch in order to check the current vehicle level for critical conditions (level too low) and if necessary to raise the vehicle or lower it when unloading. If the vehicle level is lowered by more than 30 mm, it is raised to the normal level by the reservoir (only with a reservoir pressure > 11 bar). At a vehicle level of < -65 mm and even at a reservoir pressure of <11 bar it is raised out of the "critical range" by the compressor to -63 mm (condition: battery voltage > 12.4 V).
If the vehicle level is raised by more than 10 mm when unloading, it is lowered to the normal level by relieving the pressure.
The vehicle cannot be raised by the level control switch.
Function in vehicle condition "Ignition ON"
The same function as for the wake-up function, but without time limit.
Run-on function (operating period approx. 1 minute)
After "ignition OFF" the control module performs changes in the level in order to be able to readjust the vehicle level (raise or lower) during any loading or unloading operations. (The same function as for the wake-up function).
Components
AIRmatic, location of electrical/electronic components:
- A9/1 - AIRmatic compressor unit
- A1p13 - Multifunction display
- B7 - AIRmatic pressure sensor
- B22/3 - Rear axle level sensor
- B22/8 - Left front level sensor
- B22/9 - Right front level sensor
- B24/3 - Left front body acceleration sensor
- B24/4 - Right front body acceleration sensor
- B24/6 - Right rear body acceleration sensor
- K40/7 - Right front fuse and relay module
- kO - AIRmatic compressor relay
- N49 - Steering angle sensor
- N51 - AIRmatic with ADS control module
- N72/1s2 - Level control switch
- N72/1s3 - Comfort and sport switch
- S9/1 - Stop lamp switch
- X11/4 - Data link connector
- Y36/6 - Level control valve unit
- Y51 - Left front axle damping valve unit
- Y52 - Right front axle damping valve unit
- Y53 - Left rear axle damping valve unit
- Y54 - Right rear axle damping valve unit
AIRmatic, location of pneumatic/hydraulic components:
- 40 - Front spring strut
- 41 - Rear spring strut
- 42 - AIRmatic central reservoir
- A9/1 - AIRmatic compressor unit
- Y36/6 - Level control valve unit
- Y51 - Left front axle damping valve unit
- Y52 - Right front axle damping valve unit
- Y53 - Left rear axle damping valve unit
- Y54 - Right rear axle damping valve unit
AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1)
The electric compressor generates the pressure required to lift the vehicle. The pressure relief valve integrated in the compressor unit is used to lower the vehicle.
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Design
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The main part of the AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1) is the compressor motor (m1). The other parts are the pressure relief valve, overpressure/residual pressure valve (b) and the air drier (c). The air cleaner (a) is located outside the compressor unit. It is connected to the unit by a hose. The air released when the vehicle is lowered is returned to the air filter via the line (g) where it is then guided back out through the filter. The compressor unit is mounted to a mounting plate (h).
The level control valve unit (Y36/6) is fixed at the top of the same mounting plate as the compressor unit and is connected to the compressor by a pressure line. The valve unit is attached to the AIRmatic pressure sensor (B7).
Function
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The air compressor is driven by the compressor motor (m1). The air to be compressed is sucked out of the vehicle longitudinal member via an air cleaner and into the chamber underneath the piston. With the downward movement of the piston, the air passes through the inlet valve (e) in the piston crown into the clearance volume. With the upward movement of the piston, the inlet valve closes and the air is compressed. The compressed air is forced on via the outlet valve (d) into the air drier (c).
The silicate filling in the drier removes moisture from the air. From the air drier the dehumidified and compressed air then passes from the air drier into the central reservoir or directly to the suspension struts as required. The pressure relief valve installed in the compressor unit (y1) is required for discharging air when lowering the vehicle. The discharged air is conducted through the air cleaner back into the atmosphere. This also cleans the filter. The air drier is maintenance free. The moisture is delivered back into the air when reducing the pressure.
Replacing compressor unit
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- Disconnect battery.
- Remove engine compartment paneling (right front part only).
- Unscrew pressure line connection (1) from AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1).
- Detach connector on AIRmatic pressure reduction valve (A9/1y1).
- Disconnect connector for air compressor motor (3).
- Pull intake hose with air filter (2) out of longitudinal member.
- If the air filter (2) is replaced, the arrow on the air filter (2) must point towards the longitudinal member.
- Unscrew nuts (arrows) and remove AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1).
- Detach air compressor relay (K40/7kO). Only when installing a new air compressor. When replacing the air compressor the air compressor relay (K40/7kO) should always be exchanged as the switching contacts may be predamaged.
- Install in the reverse order.
AIRmatic pressure sensor (B7)
Located in the right front fender on the valve unit. Measures the system pressure and used to carry out plausibility checks.
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Function
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A sensor element compares the fluid pressure (b) to be measured with a reference pressure (g) in the sensor. The pressure (b) is transmitted to the actual sensor element (h) by means of a metal protective diaphragm (k) and a silicone oil layer (i).
An electronics module (a) which supplies the pressure signal in the form of an analog voltage to the control module, is located on the metal housing (d).
Level control valve unit (Y36/6)
Located on the AIRmatic compressor unit in the right front fender. The valve unit (Y36/6) is the central control unit for the level control, level adjustment and suspension. Supplies the spring struts and central reservoir with compressed-air.
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Design
The level control valve unit (Y36/6) is attached to the same retaining plate as the AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1). It has a solenoid valve for each wheel (y1, y2, y3 and y4) for raising or lowering the vehicle. The AIRmatic central reservoir charge (y5) is also installed in the valve unit. The AIRmatic pressure sensor (B7) is located on the end face of the valve unit.
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6 polyamide lines lead from the level unit to the components connected:
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Function
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For reasons of safety only one valve is ever actuated at the same time. If an axle is too low, cycling takes place between the left and right level valve.
Raising the vehicle
The front left, front right, rear left and rear right level valves (y1, y2, y3, y4) are opened as required and the compressed-air stored in the central reservoir or generated by the air compressor motor flows from the level control valve unit (Y36/6) to the individual spring struts. As soon as the required vehicle level is reached at a front wheel, the respective level valve (y1 or y2) closes, the other valve still remains open until the same vehicle level has also been adjusted at the other wheel. At the rear axle both level control valves (y3 and y4) close when the vehicle level averaged between the right and left wheel corresponds to the specified level set by the control module.
Lowering the vehicle
All the wheel level control valves (y1, y2, y3 and y4) are open in the level control valve unit (Y36/6). In addition the AIRmatic pressure release valve (y1) in the AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1) is open and the compressed-air is reduced via this valve. At the same time the level valves of the individual wheels remain open until the desired vehicle level is reached at each front wheel and at the rear axle.
Inspecting for leaks
On the right-hand side of the vehicle remove part of the wheel house inner panel in front fender.
Spray the pressure line connections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, P of the level control valve with leak detecting spray. Wait for approx. 10-15 minutes after spraying. This means that minor leaks can be recognized (forming a white cap). Severe leaks are evident immediately.
Common failure mode of the level control valve unit is when some valves fail to close thus releasing the air through the P valve. To test it, detach P line (connection to air compressor) and spray it with leak detection spray. After testing use compressed air to clean the valve.
Level sensor (B22/3, B22/8, B22/9)
- B22/3 - Rear axle level sensor
- B22/8 - Left front level sensor
- B22/9 - Right front level sensor
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Detecting the vehicle level at the front axle and rear axle and supplying the values to the AIRmatic with ADS control module.
Design: 2 Hall sensors in a single housing (redundant design).
Detects vehicle level using link rod from upper transverse control arm at left and right front axle. A sensor at the rear axle monitors the movement of the torsion bar and determines the average vehicle level. Sensor failure is detected by comparing the redundant signals of each sensor.
AIRmatic central reservoir (42)
Metal compressed air reservoir. Stores compressed air for level control. Used for decoupling between compressor and level control.
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Comfort and sport switch (N72/1s3)
This switch controls Adaptive Damping System (ADS).
The switch with the indicator lamps is located in the upper part of the center console.
The ADS automatically selects the optimum damping for the respective driving conditions. At the same time the suspension is set to either sporty or regular.
The suspension tuning is set according to:
- Your driving style
- Road surface conditions
- Your choice of suspension style, "sport" or "convenience", which you select using the damping switch.
The following suspension styles are available:
- "Convenience" - both indicator lamps (1) are off.
- "Sports 1" - one indicator lamp (1) is on.
- "Sports 2" - both indicator lamps (1) are on.
The selected suspension style is stored in memory, even after the SmartKey is removed from the starter switch.
Level control switch (N72/1s2)
This switch controls Airmatic Level control system.
The following vehicle level settings can be selected when the vehicle is stationary:
- "Normal" - for driving on normal roads. The indicator lamp (1) is off.
- "Raised" - for driving on rough roads or with snow chains. The indicator lamp (1) is on.
Select the "Raised" level setting only when required by current driving conditions. Otherwise the fuel consumption may increase and handling may be impaired.
The vehicle chassis ride height is raised or lowered according to the selected level setting and to the vehicle speed (these height adjustments are so small that you may not notice any change):
- With increasing speed, ride height is reduced by up to approximately 3/4 in (20 mm).
- With decreasing speed, the ride height is again raised to the selected vehicle level.
The selected vehicle level setting remains stored in memory even if the engine is turned off and restarted. However, the vehicle lowers to regular level when you exceed a speed of 75 mph (120 km/h) or maintain a speed of between 50 mph (80 km/h) and 75 mph (120 km/h) for more than 5 minutes.
This can be used to raise the vehicle level by 25 mm (20 mm USA). The raised level switch position is indicated by the red indicator lamp (1) in the switch. In addition, the multifunction display in the instrument cluster displays: "AIRMATIC VEHICLE RISING".
As long as the multifunction display in the instrument cluster shows the message: "AIRMATIC VEHICLE RISING", the desired vehicle level has not yet been reached. If the raising of the vehicle is cancelled due to the driving speed, the instrument cluster displays the following message for approx. 10s: "AIRMATIC LEVEL SETTING CANCELLED". If the vehicle is raised several times in quick succession, it may happen that the air compressor shuts down temporarily in order to prevent an overload. The raising sequence will then take an unusually long time.
AIRmatic with ADS control module (N51)
AIRmatic with ADS control module, task: To execute all control functions of ADS and AIRmatic. Air suspension control unit is located in left fuse box.
Input Functions
The AIRmatic control module receives input signals over CAN Bus from the following components:
- ESP control module
- Engine control module
- Transmission control module
- Instrument cluster
- Steering angle sensor
- ADS comfort and sport switch
- Level adjustment switch
- Three body accelerometers
- Two front axle level sensors
- One rear axle level sensor
- One Airmatic pressure sensor
Output Functions - Airmatic
The Airmatic input signals are converted in the Airmatic control module to output signals for the following components:
- Four Level control valves
- One main reservoir charge valve
- Four ADS damper valves
- Multi-function display
- Switch indicator lamps
- Air compressor
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AIRmatic compressor relay (K40/7kO)
Airmatic compressor relay is located in right fuse box (the first one next to the three 40 amp fuses). The relay starts and stops Airmatic compressor. Faulty relay may fail to stop compressor overheating and damaging it. Hella relays have proven to be reliable. The fuse 32 next to the relay protects the AIRmatic circuit.
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Spring strut (40, 41)
The spring strut takes over all the functions of suspension, level control, level adjustment and damping to be carried out.
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Design
A single-tube gas-filled shock absorber is integrated into the spring strut. The ADS damper valve is attached to the spring strut.
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Function
The weight of the vehicle is carried by the compressible air (l) sealed into the air bellows of the spring struts. The rolling hose air bellows (h) is made of rubber. Under dynamic load during driving, the air bellows rolls up parallel with the axis of the spring strut, thus providing the necessary spring travel. The rollup zone on the spring strut is sealed off from the outside by a rubber boot (n) as a protection against dirt.
The vehicle level is raised/lowered by increasing/reducing the air pressure in the air chamber (l), which results in a lengthening/shortening of the spring strut (40). The spring strut incorporates a residual pressure valve (k) which blocks off the pressure chamber in the spring strut in the direction of the supply line in the event of a pressure drop at or below a residual pressure of 4-5 bar.
Replacements
OE
Front (without 4MATIC):
- A2203205113 (replaced by A2203202438)
- A2203202438
Front (4MATIC):
- Left: A2203202138
- Right: A2203202238
Rear:
- A2203205013
- A2203207913 (for option code Z04)
- A2203207813 (for option code Z07) (replaced by A2203202338)
- A2203202338 (for option code Z07)
OE (Bilstein)
Since Bilstein is OEM manufacturer for W220 struts, it is possible to buy OE strut directly from Bilstein much cheaper. It is possible to purchase brand new Bilstein strut for $700.
- Front left (4Matic): 44-051518
- Front right (4Matic): 44-051525
- Front: 44-042295
- Rear: 44-042301
Arnott
Arnott sells both new and remanufactured struts. It is possible to get 10% discount [1] when making order online. Arnott claims [2] that their products use improved air spring bladder exclusively manufactured by Continental which provides longer lifetime than OE. In fact, Arnott provides limited lifetime warranty [3] for their struts.
- Arnott Remanufactured. Arnott remanufactured strut cost $575 but it only has installed new rubber air bladders and not the shock piston seals or gas charge.
In fact, it is possible to buy [4] repair kit allegedly manufactured by Arnott and repair the strut yourself much cheaper.
- Arnott New.
Arnott new units cost $624. But with all new units you lose the electronic damping. While the new Arnott units allow you to plug in the original wire harness from the car, it simply fools the computer to thinking the selective damping is functioning. In reality it's not and the shock has constant damping setting corresponding to OE "comfort/convenience" setting ("sport 1" and "sport 2" damping settings are not available).
Replacement Tutorials
- http://www.bilsteinus.com/fileadmin/user_upload/user_upload_us/pdfs/E4-WM5-Y328A00_01.pdf (DE/EN)
- http://info.bilsteinus.com/mercedes/ (videos)
Repair options for the front axle air suspension strut
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Before replacing a supposed leaky suspension strut, in each case carry out the leak test on the head bearing using soapy water.
If there is a lack of pressure in the suspension strut it may be that in the full rebound travel condition the air spring plunger separates from the support bearing (picture 1). In this case to test whether there is leakage at the head bearing, proceed as follows:
Fill the air spring (using the DAS or other means), in the process pull the air spring plunger of the air spring downwards firmly by hand so that the air does not escape between the air spring plunger and the support bearing (picture 2 and 3). Once the suspension strut is filled, carry out the leak test on the head bearing and repair if necessary.
After using the repair kit likewise proceed as described above when filling the air suspension strut (picture 2 and 3).
Air suspension struts on which the air spring plunger is separated from the support bearing (picture 1) can be filled with air and repaired again without problems. They must not be exchanged for a new suspension strut.
Tools
Damping valve unit (Y51, Y52, Y53, Y54)
Damping valve, task: adapts the damping force to the driving style and road condition.
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Adaptive damping system (ADS II), function
The damping force is regulated in damping valves (Y51, Y52, Y53, Y54). Each wheel has one damping valve installed between the upper and lower chambers of the single-pipe gas-filled shock absorber. Each damping valve contains two electromagnetic valves (y1, y2), allowing four different damping force settings according to how they are actuated via the AIRmatic with ADS control module.
The extremely short adjusting time (milliseconds) means that the optimum damping force setting is available almost immediately if sudden changes in the vehicle level are required, such as during an obstacle-avoidance maneuver.
Design
- Y51 - left front axle damping valve
- y1 - front axle solenoid valve 1
- y2 - front axle solenoid valve 2
- p - piston reed valve pack
The damping valve (Y51, Y52, Y53, Y54) consists of a casing and 2-piston reed valve packs (p). Located above are the spring-loaded solenoid valve pistons and the solenoids. The valve pistons and solenoids form the solenoid valve units (y1, y2).
If the solenoid valve coils (y1, y2) are not actuated, the spring-loaded solenoid valve pistons (y1, y2) keep the holes directly below them closed. Oil is displaced via the reed valve packs (p) and the oil duct located diagonally opposite in the casing.
If the solenoid valve coil (y1) is actuated, for example, the solenoid valve piston (y1) allows the hole to open and the oil can flow over this hole. Only a small amount of oil is displaced via the piston reed valve pack (p). The damping force levels are achieved by means of the differently positioned reed valve packs and controlling the solenoid valves.
Function
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The ADS suspension control module is used to achieve four different damping force settings:
- Damping force setting 1
- For comfortable rolling with small sprung mass vibrations and low longitudinal and lateral acceleration. With this damping force setting both solenoid valves y1 and y2 are open so that most of the oil flows parallel to the hard rebound and compression of the operating piston via the softer reed valves at the solenoid valves. The comfort rebound and compression setting is therefore achieved.
- Damping force setting 2
- The reed valves at the valve piston generate a firmer setting. If the vehicle is lowered, solenoid valve y2 is opened and solenoid valve y1 is closed. The reed valves (a = hard compression and b = soft rebound) at solenoid valve y1 generate a hard compression and a soft rebound.
- Damping force setting 3
- The reed valves at the valve piston generate an even firmer setting. If the vehicle is raised, solenoid valve y1 is opened and solenoid valve y2 is closed. The reed valves (c = hard rebound and b = soft compression) at solenoid valve y2 generate a hard rebound and a soft compression.
- Damping force setting 4 (driving safety setting)
- For increased driving safety with high longitudinal and lateral vehicle acceleration. Both solenoid valves y1 and y2 are closed. The reed valves (a = hard compression and c = hard rebound) generate a hard compression and rebound. All the oil flows via the hard rebound and compression of the operating piston. This damping force setting is also selected if the ADS system fails and the ADS suspension warning light (A1e27) comes on in the instrument cluster.
| Damping force setting | Damping valves (Y51-Y54) | Valve control | ||
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| Rebound | Compression | Solenoid valve (y1) | Solenoid valve (y2) | |
| 1 | Comfort | Comfort | Open | Open |
| 2 | Soft | Hard | Closed | Open |
| 3 | Hard | Soft | Open | Closed |
| 4 | Hard | Hard | Closed | Closed |
Multifunction display (A1p13)
Various messages concerning the AIRmatic and ADS are shown in the multifunction display in the instrument cluster and in the comfort and sport and level adjustment switches.
AIRMATIC VISIT WORKSHOP!
In the event of electrical faults in the AIRmatic or ADS system, the following message appears on the multifunction display in the instrument cluster: "AIRMATIC VISIT WORKSHOP!". The fault is stored in the ADS suspension control module and can be read out using the diagnosis tool.
Limp-home function A malfunction in the adaptive damping system causes the ADS to shut down. The suspension is switched to the hardest setting. In the event of a fault in the suspension system or in the level adjustment system, the vehicle attempts to maintain the set level. Manual and automatic level adjustments are no longer possible.
AIRMATIC STOP, CAR TOO LOW!
If the vehicle level at the front axle is more than 50 mm (60 mm USA), or at the rear axle more than 60 mm (70 mm USA) below the normal level, the multifunction display in the instrument cluster displays the warning: "AIRMATIC STOP, CAR TOO LOW!". The display disappears again when the level has risen back to 48 mm or 58 mm (58 mm or 68 mm USA) respectively below the normal level.
Emergency Procedure - Airmatic
Emergency procedure refer to: http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1547183-how-fix-w220-airmatic-strut-6-a.html
Issues - AIRmatic
With thanks and acknowledgement to the authors with some editorial licence.
Failure Mechanisms - AIRmatic
Issues by eric242340
Now, the rear suspension, in my opinion, almost never develops air leaks. The real problems come with the following:
- 1. Compressor failure or partial failure.
- 2. Valve block on top of compressor failure (very common).
- 3. Valve failure on rear suspension strut (often indicated by DAS) but wrongly.
- 4. Air leak on front suspension tops (for which there is a modification).
- If it is 1 then new compressor.
- If it is 2 then new valve block.
- If it is 3 then new strut (but uncommon).
- If it is 4 then do the modification.
But however you look at this, if the garage does not have Star Diagnostics and a Mechanic who can interpret the values both in sensor voltage and other tests then don't waste your time and money.
With thanks to BenzWorld Member eric242340 refer to: http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1329314-s-class-airmatic-woes-yes-again.html
Trouble Shooting - AIRmatic
Issues by danielsand
The AIRmatic is NOT terribly complicated system. Don't be scared of it, and go slow and systematic in troubleshooting it. How does it work? Simple. The electricity is supplied to the pump via the (hopefully!) Hella relay (passenger side fuse box - US config), the relay (K40/7kO) is the first one next to the three 40 amp fuses. First fuse next to the relay is a smog pump fuse (forget about it), and the middle one is #32 that protects the AIRmatic circuit. Check that first. (and yank both pieces OUT BEFORE you start working on AIRmatic!!)
Once the relay sends the juice to the pump, the pump comes alive. The air comes in through the black hose (that has the filter in-line), and then the air is supplied to the valve (nothing mysterious there, just a "crossover" valve that directs the air to the struts that need it, based on the input from the sensors). If the pump is working, but not sucking, either the filter is blocked (unlikely), or the hose is kinked, damaged or obstructed.
If all connections of the white PVC lines on the valve (and the main line that goes from the pump to the valve) are holding air, the car HAS TO rise. If it doesn't, there is a leak somewhere that is not easy to detect. Once the air is distributed by the valve to the struts, it goes to the top of the struts and inflates the air bags inside the struts. If the pump is working, and there is no air reaching the valve, the main PVC line is kinked, broken, cracked, or obstructed.
If the air (with correct pressure) is reaching the valve, but it's not supplied to the struts, the valve has a problem (electrical connections damaged, dirty, not connected, or valve itself going bad). If the valve is doing its job, and the struts are not being inflated, then the struts have a LEAK (a big one!).
Now, when you removed the AIRmatic pump, how did you lift the car, and more importantly, how did you LOWER it back down? If you read EVERYTHING about AIRmatic, you will find out that overextending the strut can cause the leak on the strut under the bellows, and more importantly, once lowered down, you HAVE TO inflate the struts BEFORE the full weight of the car is on deflated struts!
When I replaced my pump, I used TWO jacks. One to lift the body, and one under the swingarm to lift the wheel without over extending the strut (I lifted only the passenger side). Passenger side strut was never overextended, and after the replacement was done, I lowered the car until the wheel touched the ground (still on the jacks, without the full weight of the car on the wheel), and THEN I engaged the pump, and let it run for few minutes. I didn't have to, because my strut was not completely empty (valve prevents the complete loss of air), but I played it safe.
Bottom line, the AIRmatic bellows never became detached, air never escaped, and after the pump was bolted and operated, I sprayed soapy water on all PVC connections, and detected no leaks.
With thanks to BenzWorld Member danielsand refer to: http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1557414-2001-s430-airmatic-not-rising-please-3.html
Dropped Suspension One Side or Both Sides - AIRmatic
Issues by nicedeals.co.uk
If the air suspension on your M-B S Class has dropped on all four wheels and the diagnostic test is pointing towards an Airmatic pump fault, you will most likely need to replace it. The airmatic pump on the W220 model is located under the driver side front wing splashguard. Remove the alloy wheel and remove the nuts and clips holding the splashguard in place.
If the drop is limited to one side only, the fault will most likely be limited to that particular shock absorber air bellow unit.
http://www.nicedeals.co.uk/car/diy/8-mercedes/2509-mercedes-w220-s-class-airmatic-pump-replacement
Air Filter - AIRmatic
Issues by dtnel and Valotus
BenzWorld Member dtenl found it difficult to get reliable information about the functioning and the scheduled maintenance interval on the air filter.
It seems that the hose of the AIRmatic pump draws air from above the mount point of the filter (it is mounted upside down on the frame aft underneath the wiper fluid and coolant reservoirs). This area is well protected from the elements.
The other end of the filter is connected to the hose of the pump. This particular hose is not a high pressure hose as Valotus states: “…it comes from purge valve and is connected to air intake hose by T-junction without any valves. When the compressor pumps, there is a slight vacuum in that hose as purge valve is closed and compressor takes air in from filter. When pressure is reduced from springs, compressor stops and purge valve conducts exhaust air back to filter through that hose.”
This explains why an old filter has debris in both ends.
Location - AIRmatic Air Filter
Reference WIS Document: AR32.22-P-2001I
Maintenance - AIRmatic Air Filter
Also there appears to be no listed scheduled maintenance interval for the air filter of the AIRmatic pump.
When removed, the air filter was clogged with debris in both ends, and the filter element inside was hard and loose. It made a clunking sound when shaken. It had an awful burnt smell. When air was blown into it from both sides, the movement of the loose filter would block the flow of air. The attached pictures illustrate the air filter's poor state.
A new air filter costs only $10, and it should not take more than 20 minutes to replace.
Part - Airmatic Air Filter
The part number is: 220 320 00 69 or A2203200069. Some catalogues list it as “Air Filter, compressor intake.”
DIY Replacement - AIRmatic Air Filter
- Remove right side engine compartment paneling.
- Unscrew the pressure line connection (1) from the AIRmatic compressor unit (A9/1).
- Plug the pressure line for the duration of the repair operations.
- Detach the connector on the AIRmatic pressure reduction valve (A9/1y1).
- Disconnect the connector for the air compressor motor (3).
- Pull the intake hose with air filter (2) out of the longitudinal member.
- Loosen the clamp and remove the old filter.
- Fit the new filter in the rubber housing ensuring that the arrow on the air filter (2) is pointing towards the longitudinal member.
Level Control and Notes - Airmatic
Edit required.
http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1656870-airmatic-rear-end-drooping-intermittently.html
http://danirangelov.blogspot.com/2013/09/mercedes-w220-s-class-airmatic-level.html
http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1467695-airmatic-strut-epoxy-fix-3.html
DIY Procedures - Airmatic
Edit required.
DIY Diagnosis - Airmatic
Diagnosis with soap water. http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/2242706-airmatic-winter-problem-2.html
http://forums.mercedesclub.org.uk/showthread.php?t=110643
C1324-001 Fault in component Y53y1 (Left rear solenoid valve 1) in assembly Y53 (left rear axle damping valve unit)
C1325-001 Fault in component Y53y2 (Left rear solenoid valve 2) in assembly Y53 (left rear axle damping valve unit)
DIY Valve - Airmatic
http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1656870-airmatic-rear-end-drooping-intermittently.html
DIY Pump - Airmatic
DIY Relay - Airmatic
See above.
DIY ECU - Airmatic
DIY Height Sensors - Airmatic
DIY Struts - Airmatic
DIY Air Filter - Airmatic
See above.
Line Repair
The leak may also develop in any of Airmatic pneumatic lines. The lines to the rear struts go through the interior and it is difficult to find the leak unless the crack is large enough so that the crack can be located thanks to loud hissing sound. Alternative line can be run from front valve block to the rear to test if the line is faulty.
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Line / Pipe / Hose
MB sells the air line in 5 ft lengths, maximum. From the factory air line is built with continuous length of line with no joins. 5 ft lengths are just for repairs. However, you can buy aftermarket 4mm lines of any length and much cheaper than OEM lines.
Junction / Connector / Fitting
MB sells air line repair connector which can be used to connect air line.
However, there is available cheap, but reliable plastic "push in" connector which can be used to easily connect air lines without any tools.
