Alternator: Difference between revisions

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==Description – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System==
See a related page of [[battery]].
===Types – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System ===
 
W220 are equipped with two types of alternators. One with and one without coolant cooling.
==Specification ==
===Capacities – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System ===
W220 are equipped with two types of alternators. With and without coolant cooling.
* S350, S430, S500: 14V/150A
* S350, S430, S500: 14V/150A
** Part no 0986047550
** AS-PL A0194 (new good quality alternator made in Poland - 137 EUR)
* S55: 14V/180A
* S55: 14V/180A
* S600: 14V/220A
* S600: 14V/220A
==Issues – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System==
 
There are several part numbers compatible to each other.
 
==Faulty Alternator==
 
===Symptoms===
A faulty alternator will fail to charge [[battery]] and in a very extreme cases will cause a warning message "BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!" to be displayed in dashboard.
 
{|
|[[File:W220_Warning_Battery_Charge_Visit_Workshop.jpg|thumb|none|Instrument cluster displaying warning message "BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!".]]
|}
 
Typical symptoms are:
* Charging voltage across [[battery]] terminal with engine running below about 13.8V.
* Alternator output voltage greater than about 15V. A good fully charged [[battery]] should be about 14V across the [[battery]] terminals.
* A sudden sound of the alternator (high frequency whine) disappearance.
 
The car control units have protection against overcurrent. In case of alternator voltage regulator failure,
instrument cluster may go dark and cicking sounds may be heard from the doors caused by car unlocking itself for safety purposes.
 
===Causes===
An alternator can fail or perform poorly due to:
An alternator can fail or perform poorly due to:
* Bearings worn or noisy
* Bearings worn or noisy
Line 16: Line 38:
* Rotor winding open or short circuit
* Rotor winding open or short circuit
* Serpentine belt issues
* Serpentine belt issues
==Symptoms – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System==
A faulty alternator should be recognised by the internal vehicle checks and will display a dashboard warning message.


[[File:W220_Warning_Battery_Charge_Visit_Workshop.jpg|thumb|none|"BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!" warning on instrument cluster.]]
The W220 has very good in-built electronic checking systems and so you should be alerted to the usual failure mechanisms by the car itself.
With some electronic capability and the right tools it is easy to diagnose most alternator electrical issues.
Mechanical problems are usually diagnosed by hearing unusual sounds from the alternator.
 
== Checking Alternator Voltage ==
 
Follow the steps below to obtain the alternator voltage readings via the [[instrument cluster#Hidden Menu|instrument cluster hidden menu]].
 
{|
|[[File:W220_starter_switch_positions.png|thumb|none|1. Insert key into the starter switch and turn to position (1).]]
|[[File:W220_Odometer_Mileage_Display.jpg|thumb|none|2. Use steering wheel buttons to navigate to screen which shows the vehicle odometer.]]
|[[File:W220_Instrument_Cluster_Voltometer_Display.jpg|thumb|none|3. Press "R" button on instrument cluster three times. The voltage reading should be displayed.]]
|}
 
When first opened, the voltage reading will be something like "UB:12.3V". In this example, the 12.3V is the battery voltage with the car at rest with engine off and alternator not charging.
The voltage should be between 11.8V and 12.5V and will typically be 12.3V with a new battery and the car at rest for about 24 hours or more.
 
{|
|[[File:01 MFD Hidden Menu UB Engine Off.JPG|thumb|none|Voltage reading before starting engine]]
|[[File:06 MFD Hidden Menu UB Engine On.JPG|thumb|none|Voltage reading after starting engine]]
|}
 
Start the vehicle. After few seconds the voltage display will disappear.
However, you can locate it again using [[steering wheel]] buttons.
The voltage reading with the vehicle running should be displayed.
 
Correct voltage measurement on alternator should be around 14V (or 14.5 for a voltage regulator set to 14.5 volts).
The voltage value must not fluctuate (see video of faulty alternator below).
 
Sometimes the problem can be in the circuit to the [[battery]].
To test whether the [[battery]] actually receives the voltage generated by alternator, use an accurate Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and monitor the alternator output across the [[battery]] terminals.
It should match voltage displayed on the instrument cluster.
 
{|
|{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNx5xwkwW3w|320|center|Voltage readings of a defective alternator|frame}}
|}
'''Note:''' This method is not suitable for testing the voltage of [[battery]], since several consumers activated will cause a non-objective measurement. [[Battery]] voltage must be measured without active consumers (i.e. with minimal load) and only across the [[battery]] terminals.
 
=== Voltage in AC menu ===
Alternatively, the voltage can be read out from climate control hidden menu. Switch on ignition, press and hold REST button in climate control until hidden menu appears. Go to value NR.24 for voltage reading.
 
{|
|{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poY8puNvKWo|320|center|Voltage reading in climate control hidden menu.|frame}}
|}
 
==Replacing alternator==
 
# Disconnect negative battery cable. This is important to make sure that when disconnecting alternator battery wire (B+) it does not get shorted to chassis.
# Remove [[serpentine belt]].
# Remove oil dipstick to not accidentally breake it off (important on S500).
# Removing alternator bolts. The bolts are Torx 16, but 11mm socket will work fine too.
# Tilt alternator out of bracket. Use pry bar if needed (see below).
# Rotate alternator pulley down (see photo below) and remove wires. Battery wire needs 13mm socket. The other wire pulls of easily.
# Remove alternator from the car. S350 has a lot of space to do that. S500 has less space therefore removal will involve some difficulties. Removal of auxillary fan motor will help to get more space (it is only 3 10mm bolts).
# Reinstall in opposite order. Note that bottom hose bracket is attached with lower bolt. It will be easier to push alternator in lower bracket first. To ease installation metal washers can be pushed out of bolt holes.
 
{|
|[[File:W220_alternator_pry_bar_usage.jpg|thumb|none|Using pry bar to release the alternator from mounting brackets.]]
|[[File:W220_alternator_rotated.jpg|300px]]
|[[File:W220_alternator_removed.jpg|300px]]
|}
<!-- http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1688209-alternator-voltage-regulator-replace-diy.html -->


Typical symptoms are:
* Charging voltage across battery terminal with engine running below about 13.8V.
* Alternator output voltage greater than about 15V. A good fully charged battery should be about 14.2V across the battery terminals.
* Illumination change in instrument cluster is usually an early indicator of pending alternator failure.
* A sudden sound of the alternator (high frequency whine) disappearance.
* Clicking sounds from the doors caused by car unlocking itself for safety purposes.
==Solutions – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System==
The W220 has very good in-built electronic checking systems and so you should be alerted to the usual failure mechanisms by the car itself. However with some electronic capability and the right tools it is easy to DIY diagnose most alternator electrical issues. Mechanical problems are usually diagnosed by hearing unusual sounds from the alternator.
=== Checking Alternator Voltage – In-built Test===
'''Note:''' This method is not suitable for testing battery voltage, since several consumers activated will cause a non-objective measurement. Battery voltage must be measured without active consumers (ie with minimal load) and preferentially only across the battery terminals.


{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNx5xwkwW3w|320|left|Voltage readings of defective alternator.|frame}}
== Electrical connections ==
Alternator is connected with two electrical wires:
* The thick B+ wire is permanently connected to battery's positive terminal through 150A fuse in the front [[fuses|prefuse box X4/10]].
* The thin blue wire goes to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM). After ignition is switched on 12 volts are supplied from SAM (on S350 only ~1 volt). A small current starts to flow through the line pre-energizing the alternator's field coil. For the alternator to charge, the blue wire must be connected (at least at the beginning to energize it).
 
If it is problematic to access the connectors through engine bay, the connectors can be attached by accessing alternator from underneath the car.
 
[[File:W220_alternator_connections_underneath_car.jpg|thumb|none|Alternator visible from underneath the car]]


<br clear="all">
==Replacing alternator voltage regulator==
'''In-built Test'''
Most of the time failed alternator can be fixed by replacing cheap voltage regulator (i.e., in case brushes are worn).
See video below for voltage regulator replacement.


1. Insert key into the starter switch and turn to position 1.
{|
|{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqDgdtHZUzU|320|center|Alternator voltage regulator replacement.|frame}}
|}


[[File:W220_starter_switch_positions.png|thumb|none]]
== Voltage regulator ==


2. Use steering wheel buttons to navigate to screen which shows vehicle millage.


[[File:W220_Odometer_Mileage_Display.jpg|thumb|none]]
Facelift S350 and S500 comes with factory-fitted BOSCH alternator 0 124 615 012 with voltage regulator F00M 145 247 (BR14-M0) installed.


3. Press R button on instrument cluster three times. The voltage reading should be displayed.
{|
|[[File:W220_alternator_BOSCH_0124615012.jpg|thumb|none|Bosch alternator 0124615012]]
|[[File:W220_Bosch_voltage_regulator_F00M145247.jpg|thumb|none|Bosch voltage regulator F00M145247]]
|}


[[File:W220_Instrument_Cluster_Voltometer_Display.jpg|thumb|none]]
=== Compatible part numbers ===
* Bosch:
** F00M144138
** F00M144152
** F00M145247
** F00M145357
** F00M145339
* Transpo: IB247
* Cargo: 235207
* Lester: 11332
* Mobiletron: VRB247
* HÜCO: 130608 (14.3v)


4. Start the vehicle. After few seconds the voltage display will disappear. However, you can locate it again using steering wheel buttons. The voltage reading with the vehicle running should be displayed.
{|
===Test Results - In-built Test===
|[[File:Regulator-bosch-f00m145225-schema.jpg]]
* Correct voltage measurement on non-running W220 ( with vehicle stationary for an hour or so with minimal load on battery) should be greater than 12.2V.
|
* Correct voltage measurement on running W220 should be around 14V.
* B+ - BATTERY - Main battery feed
=== Checking Alternator Voltage – DVM Method===
* P - PULSE - Stator Pulse. Used for rev-counters
Use an accurate Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and monitor the alternator output at the large terminal directly on the alternator.
* E - Chassis of the vehicle
===Test Results - DVM Method===
* F - FIELD
Correct voltage measurement on running W220 should be around 14V.
* L - LAMP - Warning Lamp (in case of W220 this goes to port 15 of right signal acquisition module)
===Parts Required - DVM Method===
* DFM - DYNAMO FIELD MODULATION - Duty Cycle signal from the ECU (in case of W220 not connected)
* Digital Volt Meter accurate to at least one decimal place.
|}
===Tips - Replacing Alternator / Regulator===
* Be sure to use the proper tools throughout the process and support your ratchet while loosening the bolts that secure the alternator. Otherwise you run a (small) risk of breaking the tab off of the timing case cover.
* After performing this DIY the Pre-safe error comes up because the windows are not synced. When the Pre-safe activates in a crash condition, the sunroof will close, the doors will unlock, the rear door child safety locks will disengage and all the windows will close. If the windows are not normallised / reset / synced, Pre-Safe will deactivate and light up the Instrument Cluster.
===Method - Replacing Alternator / Regulator===
Link is to an excellent detailed article for a DIY Alternator / Regulator replace.


http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1688209-alternator-voltage-regulator-replace-diy.html
L terminal is tapped to a small voltage through the battery light pre-energizing the field coil (when ignition is on).
===Method - Replacing Alternator Bearings===
L provides earth to the battery light through the field coil thereby switching it on (when ignition is on).
Link is to an excellent detailed article for a DIY Alternator Bearings replace.
After the first few revs of the engine a voltage is coming for the alternator side from exciter diodes. This voltage drowns the weak earth through the field coil that was switching the battery light on. Battery light therefore switches of, an indication that the system is charging.


http://www.benzworld.org/forums/w220-s-class/1688209-alternator-voltage-regulator-replace-diy.html
In practice L terminal is not connected to physical warning lamp in instrument cluster, but to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM).
==Acknowledgement – W220 Generator / Alternator / Charging System==
With thanks to BenzWorld members cmitch, Check Codes, et alia, with apologies.

Latest revision as of 20:25, 11 January 2024

See a related page of battery.

Specification

W220 are equipped with two types of alternators. With and without coolant cooling.

  • S350, S430, S500: 14V/150A
    • Part no 0986047550
    • AS-PL A0194 (new good quality alternator made in Poland - 137 EUR)
  • S55: 14V/180A
  • S600: 14V/220A

There are several part numbers compatible to each other.

Faulty Alternator

Symptoms

A faulty alternator will fail to charge battery and in a very extreme cases will cause a warning message "BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!" to be displayed in dashboard.

Instrument cluster displaying warning message "BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!".

Typical symptoms are:

  • Charging voltage across battery terminal with engine running below about 13.8V.
  • Alternator output voltage greater than about 15V. A good fully charged battery should be about 14V across the battery terminals.
  • A sudden sound of the alternator (high frequency whine) disappearance.

The car control units have protection against overcurrent. In case of alternator voltage regulator failure, instrument cluster may go dark and cicking sounds may be heard from the doors caused by car unlocking itself for safety purposes.

Causes

An alternator can fail or perform poorly due to:

  • Bearings worn or noisy
  • Voltage regulator electronic component failure
  • Brushes worn
  • Cable fracture
  • Full wave bridge diode open or short circuit
  • Stator winding open or short circuit
  • Rotor winding open or short circuit
  • Serpentine belt issues

The W220 has very good in-built electronic checking systems and so you should be alerted to the usual failure mechanisms by the car itself. With some electronic capability and the right tools it is easy to diagnose most alternator electrical issues. Mechanical problems are usually diagnosed by hearing unusual sounds from the alternator.

Checking Alternator Voltage

Follow the steps below to obtain the alternator voltage readings via the instrument cluster hidden menu.

1. Insert key into the starter switch and turn to position (1).
2. Use steering wheel buttons to navigate to screen which shows the vehicle odometer.
3. Press "R" button on instrument cluster three times. The voltage reading should be displayed.

When first opened, the voltage reading will be something like "UB:12.3V". In this example, the 12.3V is the battery voltage with the car at rest with engine off and alternator not charging. The voltage should be between 11.8V and 12.5V and will typically be 12.3V with a new battery and the car at rest for about 24 hours or more.

Voltage reading before starting engine
Voltage reading after starting engine

Start the vehicle. After few seconds the voltage display will disappear. However, you can locate it again using steering wheel buttons. The voltage reading with the vehicle running should be displayed.

Correct voltage measurement on alternator should be around 14V (or 14.5 for a voltage regulator set to 14.5 volts). The voltage value must not fluctuate (see video of faulty alternator below).

Sometimes the problem can be in the circuit to the battery. To test whether the battery actually receives the voltage generated by alternator, use an accurate Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and monitor the alternator output across the battery terminals. It should match voltage displayed on the instrument cluster.

Load video
YouTube
Voltage readings of a defective alternator

Note: This method is not suitable for testing the voltage of battery, since several consumers activated will cause a non-objective measurement. Battery voltage must be measured without active consumers (i.e. with minimal load) and only across the battery terminals.

Voltage in AC menu

Alternatively, the voltage can be read out from climate control hidden menu. Switch on ignition, press and hold REST button in climate control until hidden menu appears. Go to value NR.24 for voltage reading.

Load video
YouTube
Voltage reading in climate control hidden menu.

Replacing alternator

  1. Disconnect negative battery cable. This is important to make sure that when disconnecting alternator battery wire (B+) it does not get shorted to chassis.
  2. Remove serpentine belt.
  3. Remove oil dipstick to not accidentally breake it off (important on S500).
  4. Removing alternator bolts. The bolts are Torx 16, but 11mm socket will work fine too.
  5. Tilt alternator out of bracket. Use pry bar if needed (see below).
  6. Rotate alternator pulley down (see photo below) and remove wires. Battery wire needs 13mm socket. The other wire pulls of easily.
  7. Remove alternator from the car. S350 has a lot of space to do that. S500 has less space therefore removal will involve some difficulties. Removal of auxillary fan motor will help to get more space (it is only 3 10mm bolts).
  8. Reinstall in opposite order. Note that bottom hose bracket is attached with lower bolt. It will be easier to push alternator in lower bracket first. To ease installation metal washers can be pushed out of bolt holes.
Using pry bar to release the alternator from mounting brackets.


Electrical connections

Alternator is connected with two electrical wires:

  • The thick B+ wire is permanently connected to battery's positive terminal through 150A fuse in the front prefuse box X4/10.
  • The thin blue wire goes to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM). After ignition is switched on 12 volts are supplied from SAM (on S350 only ~1 volt). A small current starts to flow through the line pre-energizing the alternator's field coil. For the alternator to charge, the blue wire must be connected (at least at the beginning to energize it).

If it is problematic to access the connectors through engine bay, the connectors can be attached by accessing alternator from underneath the car.

Alternator visible from underneath the car

Replacing alternator voltage regulator

Most of the time failed alternator can be fixed by replacing cheap voltage regulator (i.e., in case brushes are worn). See video below for voltage regulator replacement.

Load video
YouTube
Alternator voltage regulator replacement.

Voltage regulator

Facelift S350 and S500 comes with factory-fitted BOSCH alternator 0 124 615 012 with voltage regulator F00M 145 247 (BR14-M0) installed.

Bosch alternator 0124615012
Bosch voltage regulator F00M145247

Compatible part numbers

  • Bosch:
    • F00M144138
    • F00M144152
    • F00M145247
    • F00M145357
    • F00M145339
  • Transpo: IB247
  • Cargo: 235207
  • Lester: 11332
  • Mobiletron: VRB247
  • HÜCO: 130608 (14.3v)
  • B+ - BATTERY - Main battery feed
  • P - PULSE - Stator Pulse. Used for rev-counters
  • E - Chassis of the vehicle
  • F - FIELD
  • L - LAMP - Warning Lamp (in case of W220 this goes to port 15 of right signal acquisition module)
  • DFM - DYNAMO FIELD MODULATION - Duty Cycle signal from the ECU (in case of W220 not connected)

L terminal is tapped to a small voltage through the battery light pre-energizing the field coil (when ignition is on). L provides earth to the battery light through the field coil thereby switching it on (when ignition is on). After the first few revs of the engine a voltage is coming for the alternator side from exciter diodes. This voltage drowns the weak earth through the field coil that was switching the battery light on. Battery light therefore switches of, an indication that the system is charging.

In practice L terminal is not connected to physical warning lamp in instrument cluster, but to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM).

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