Alternator: Difference between revisions
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==Specification == | ==Specification == | ||
Latest revision as of 20:25, 11 January 2024
See a related page of battery.
Specification
W220 are equipped with two types of alternators. With and without coolant cooling.
- S350, S430, S500: 14V/150A
- Part no 0986047550
- AS-PL A0194 (new good quality alternator made in Poland - 137 EUR)
- S55: 14V/180A
- S600: 14V/220A
There are several part numbers compatible to each other.
Faulty Alternator
Symptoms
A faulty alternator will fail to charge battery and in a very extreme cases will cause a warning message "BATTERY CHARGE VISIT WORKSHOP!" to be displayed in dashboard.
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Typical symptoms are:
- Charging voltage across battery terminal with engine running below about 13.8V.
- Alternator output voltage greater than about 15V. A good fully charged battery should be about 14V across the battery terminals.
- A sudden sound of the alternator (high frequency whine) disappearance.
The car control units have protection against overcurrent. In case of alternator voltage regulator failure, instrument cluster may go dark and cicking sounds may be heard from the doors caused by car unlocking itself for safety purposes.
Causes
An alternator can fail or perform poorly due to:
- Bearings worn or noisy
- Voltage regulator electronic component failure
- Brushes worn
- Cable fracture
- Full wave bridge diode open or short circuit
- Stator winding open or short circuit
- Rotor winding open or short circuit
- Serpentine belt issues
The W220 has very good in-built electronic checking systems and so you should be alerted to the usual failure mechanisms by the car itself. With some electronic capability and the right tools it is easy to diagnose most alternator electrical issues. Mechanical problems are usually diagnosed by hearing unusual sounds from the alternator.
Checking Alternator Voltage
Follow the steps below to obtain the alternator voltage readings via the instrument cluster hidden menu.
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When first opened, the voltage reading will be something like "UB:12.3V". In this example, the 12.3V is the battery voltage with the car at rest with engine off and alternator not charging. The voltage should be between 11.8V and 12.5V and will typically be 12.3V with a new battery and the car at rest for about 24 hours or more.
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Start the vehicle. After few seconds the voltage display will disappear. However, you can locate it again using steering wheel buttons. The voltage reading with the vehicle running should be displayed.
Correct voltage measurement on alternator should be around 14V (or 14.5 for a voltage regulator set to 14.5 volts). The voltage value must not fluctuate (see video of faulty alternator below).
Sometimes the problem can be in the circuit to the battery. To test whether the battery actually receives the voltage generated by alternator, use an accurate Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and monitor the alternator output across the battery terminals. It should match voltage displayed on the instrument cluster.
Note: This method is not suitable for testing the voltage of battery, since several consumers activated will cause a non-objective measurement. Battery voltage must be measured without active consumers (i.e. with minimal load) and only across the battery terminals.
Alternatively, the voltage can be read out from climate control hidden menu. Switch on ignition, press and hold REST button in climate control until hidden menu appears. Go to value NR.24 for voltage reading.
Replacing alternator
- Disconnect negative battery cable. This is important to make sure that when disconnecting alternator battery wire (B+) it does not get shorted to chassis.
- Remove serpentine belt.
- Remove oil dipstick to not accidentally breake it off (important on S500).
- Removing alternator bolts. The bolts are Torx 16, but 11mm socket will work fine too.
- Tilt alternator out of bracket. Use pry bar if needed (see below).
- Rotate alternator pulley down (see photo below) and remove wires. Battery wire needs 13mm socket. The other wire pulls of easily.
- Remove alternator from the car. S350 has a lot of space to do that. S500 has less space therefore removal will involve some difficulties. Removal of auxillary fan motor will help to get more space (it is only 3 10mm bolts).
- Reinstall in opposite order. Note that bottom hose bracket is attached with lower bolt. It will be easier to push alternator in lower bracket first. To ease installation metal washers can be pushed out of bolt holes.
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Electrical connections
Alternator is connected with two electrical wires:
- The thick B+ wire is permanently connected to battery's positive terminal through 150A fuse in the front prefuse box X4/10.
- The thin blue wire goes to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM). After ignition is switched on 12 volts are supplied from SAM (on S350 only ~1 volt). A small current starts to flow through the line pre-energizing the alternator's field coil. For the alternator to charge, the blue wire must be connected (at least at the beginning to energize it).
If it is problematic to access the connectors through engine bay, the connectors can be attached by accessing alternator from underneath the car.
Replacing alternator voltage regulator
Most of the time failed alternator can be fixed by replacing cheap voltage regulator (i.e., in case brushes are worn). See video below for voltage regulator replacement.
Voltage regulator
Facelift S350 and S500 comes with factory-fitted BOSCH alternator 0 124 615 012 with voltage regulator F00M 145 247 (BR14-M0) installed.
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Compatible part numbers
- Bosch:
- F00M144138
- F00M144152
- F00M145247
- F00M145357
- F00M145339
- Transpo: IB247
- Cargo: 235207
- Lester: 11332
- Mobiletron: VRB247
- HÜCO: 130608 (14.3v)
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L terminal is tapped to a small voltage through the battery light pre-energizing the field coil (when ignition is on). L provides earth to the battery light through the field coil thereby switching it on (when ignition is on). After the first few revs of the engine a voltage is coming for the alternator side from exciter diodes. This voltage drowns the weak earth through the field coil that was switching the battery light on. Battery light therefore switches of, an indication that the system is charging.
In practice L terminal is not connected to physical warning lamp in instrument cluster, but to port 15 of right signal acquisition module (SAM).